Spring Security: пример ограничения попыток входа

Spring Security: пример ограничения попыток входа

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-locked

В этом руководстве мы покажем вам, как ограничить попытки входа в систему в Spring Security. Это означает, что если пользователь попытается войти в систему с неверным паролем более 3 раз, система заблокирует пользователя и сделает невозможным дальнейший вход в систему.

Используемые технологии и инструменты:

  1. Весна 3.2.8. ВЫПУСК

  2. Spring Security 3.2.3.RELEASE

  3. Spring JDBC 3.2.3.RELEASE

  4. Затмение 4.2

  5. JDK 1.6

  6. Maven 3

  7. MySQL Server 5.6

  8. Tomcat 7 (Servlet 3.x)

Несколько быстрых заметок для этого урока:

  1. База данных MySQL будет использоваться.

  2. Это пример аннотации Spring Security.

  3. Создайте таблицу «пользователи» со столбцом «accountNonLocked».

  4. Создайте таблицу «user_attempts» для хранения неверных попыток входа в систему.

  5. Spring JDBC будет использоваться.

  6. Отображать пользовательские сообщения об ошибках на основе возвращенного исключения.

  7. Создайте настроенный «АутентификацияProvider»

1. Решение

Просмотрите существующий класс аутентификации Spring Security, «заблокированная» функция уже реализована. Чтобы включить ограничение числа попыток входа в систему, вам необходимо установить дляUserDetails.isAccountNonLocked значение false.

DaoAuthenticationProvider.java

package org.springframework.security.authentication.dao;

public class DaoAuthenticationProvider
    extends AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider {
    //...
}

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.java

package org.springframework.security.authentication.dao;

public abstract class AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider
    implements AuthenticationProvider, InitializingBean,
    MessageSourceAware {

    private class DefaultPreAuthenticationChecks implements UserDetailsChecker {
        public void check(UserDetails user) {
          if (!user.isAccountNonLocked()) {
              logger.debug("User account is locked");

          throw new LockedException(
              messages.getMessage("AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.locked",
                 "User account is locked"), user);
          }
           //...
        }
    }

2. Проект Демо

3. Каталог проектов

Просмотрите окончательную структуру проекта (на основе аннотаций):

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-directory

4. База данных

Вот сценарии MySQL для создания таблиц users, user_roles и user_attempts.

4.1 Create a “users” table, with column “accountNonLocked”.

users.sql

CREATE  TABLE users (
  username VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
  password VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
  enabled TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
  accountNonExpired TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
  accountNonLocked TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
  credentialsNonExpired TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
  PRIMARY KEY (username));

4.2 Create a “user_roles” table.

user_roles.sql

CREATE TABLE user_roles (
  user_role_id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  username varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  role varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (user_role_id),
  UNIQUE KEY uni_username_role (role,username),
  KEY fk_username_idx (username),
  CONSTRAINT fk_username FOREIGN KEY (username) REFERENCES users (username));

4.3 Create a “user_attempts” table.

user_attempts.sql

CREATE TABLE user_attempts (
  id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  username varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  attempts varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  lastModified datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

4.4 Inserts an user for testing.

INSERT INTO users(username,password,enabled)
VALUES ('example','123456', true);

INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role)
VALUES ('example', 'ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role)
VALUES ('example', 'ROLE_ADMIN');

5. UserAttempts Classes

Этот класс представляет данные таблицы «user_attempts».

UserAttempts.java

package com.example.users.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class UserAttempts {

    private int id;
    private String username;
    private int attempts;
    private Date lastModified;

    //getter and setter

}

6. DAO Classes

Класс DAO для обновления недопустимых попыток входа в систему, читайте комментарии для самоочевидности.

UserDetailsDao.java

package com.example.users.dao;

import com.example.users.model.UserAttempts;

public interface UserDetailsDao {

    void updateFailAttempts(String username);
    void resetFailAttempts(String username);
    UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username);

}

UserDetailsDaoImpl.java

package com.example.users.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.example.users.model.UserAttempts;

@Repository
public class UserDetailsDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDetailsDao {

    private static final String SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED = "UPDATE USERS SET accountNonLocked = ? WHERE username = ?";
    private static final String SQL_USERS_COUNT = "SELECT count(*) FROM USERS WHERE username = ?";

    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET = "SELECT * FROM USER_ATTEMPTS WHERE username = ?";
    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT = "INSERT INTO USER_ATTEMPTS (USERNAME, ATTEMPTS, LASTMODIFIED) VALUES(?,?,?)";
    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE USER_ATTEMPTS SET attempts = attempts + 1, lastmodified = ? WHERE username = ?";
    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE USER_ATTEMPTS SET attempts = 0, lastmodified = null WHERE username = ?";


    private static final int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @PostConstruct
    private void initialize() {
        setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateFailAttempts(String username) {

      UserAttempts user = getUserAttempts(username);
      if (user == null) {
        if (isUserExists(username)) {
            // if no record, insert a new
            getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT, new Object[] { username, 1, new Date() });
        }
      } else {

        if (isUserExists(username)) {
            // update attempts count, +1
            getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS, new Object[] { new Date(), username});
        }

        if (user.getAttempts() + 1 >= MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
            // locked user
            getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED, new Object[] { false, username });
            // throw exception
            throw new LockedException("User Account is locked!");
        }

      }

    }

    @Override
    public UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username) {

      try {

        UserAttempts userAttempts = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET,
            new Object[] { username }, new RowMapper() {
            public UserAttempts mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

                UserAttempts user = new UserAttempts();
                user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
                user.setAttempts(rs.getInt("attempts"));
                user.setLastModified(rs.getDate("lastModified"));

                return user;
            }

        });
        return userAttempts;

      } catch (EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
        return null;
      }

    }

    @Override
    public void resetFailAttempts(String username) {

      getJdbcTemplate().update(
             SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS, new Object[] { username });

    }

    private boolean isUserExists(String username) {

      boolean result = false;

      int count = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(
                            SQL_USERS_COUNT, new Object[] { username }, Integer.class);
      if (count > 0) {
        result = true;
      }

      return result;
    }

}

7. UserDetailsService

По умолчаниюJdbcDaoImpl всегда устанавливает дляaccountNonLocked значение true, чего мы не хотим. Просмотрите исходный код.

JdbcDaoImpl.java

package org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc;

public class JdbcDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDetailsService {
  //...
  protected List loadUsersByUsername(String username) {
    return getJdbcTemplate().query(usersByUsernameQuery, new String[] {username}, new RowMapper() {
      public UserDetails mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        String username = rs.getString(1);
        String password = rs.getString(2);
        boolean enabled = rs.getBoolean(3);
        return new User(username, password, enabled, true, true, true, AuthorityUtils.NO_AUTHORITIES);
      }

  });
}

Чтобы сэкономить время разработки, вы можете расширитьJdbcDaoImpl и переопределить какloadUsersByUsername, так иcreateUserDetails, чтобы получить настроенныйUserDetails.

CustomUserDetailsService.java

package com.example.users.service;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Reference org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl
 *
 * @author example
 *
 */
@Service("userDetailsService")
public class CustomUserDetailsService extends JdbcDaoImpl {

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @PostConstruct
    private void initialize() {
        setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    @Value("select * from users where username = ?")
    public void setUsersByUsernameQuery(String usersByUsernameQueryString) {
        super.setUsersByUsernameQuery(usersByUsernameQueryString);
    }

    @Override
    @Value("select username, role from user_roles where username =?")
    public void setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(String queryString) {
        super.setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(queryString);
    }

    //override to get accountNonLocked
    @Override
    public List loadUsersByUsername(String username) {
      return getJdbcTemplate().query(super.getUsersByUsernameQuery(), new String[] { username },
        new RowMapper() {
          public UserDetails mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
            String username = rs.getString("username");
            String password = rs.getString("password");
            boolean enabled = rs.getBoolean("enabled");
            boolean accountNonExpired = rs.getBoolean("accountNonExpired");
            boolean credentialsNonExpired = rs.getBoolean("credentialsNonExpired");
            boolean accountNonLocked = rs.getBoolean("accountNonLocked");

            return new User(username, password, enabled, accountNonExpired, credentialsNonExpired,
                accountNonLocked, AuthorityUtils.NO_AUTHORITIES);
          }

      });
    }

    //override to pass accountNonLocked
    @Override
    public UserDetails createUserDetails(String username, UserDetails userFromUserQuery,
            List combinedAuthorities) {
        String returnUsername = userFromUserQuery.getUsername();

        if (super.isUsernameBasedPrimaryKey()) {
          returnUsername = username;
        }

        return new User(returnUsername, userFromUserQuery.getPassword(),
                       userFromUserQuery.isEnabled(),
               userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonExpired(),
                       userFromUserQuery.isCredentialsNonExpired(),
            userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonLocked(), combinedAuthorities);
    }

}

8. DaoAuthenticationProvider

Создайте настраиваемого поставщика проверки подлинности для каждой недопустимой попытки входа в систему, обновите таблицу user_attempts и выдаетLockedException, если достигнуто максимальное количество попыток.

LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider.java

package com.example.web.handler;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.example.users.dao.UserDetailsDao;
import com.example.users.model.UserAttempts;

@Component("authenticationProvider")
public class LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider extends DaoAuthenticationProvider {

    @Autowired
    UserDetailsDao userDetailsDao;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDetailsService")
    @Override
    public void setUserDetailsService(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
        super.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
    }

    @Override
    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
          throws AuthenticationException {

      try {

        Authentication auth = super.authenticate(authentication);

        //if reach here, means login success, else an exception will be thrown
        //reset the user_attempts
        userDetailsDao.resetFailAttempts(authentication.getName());

        return auth;

      } catch (BadCredentialsException e) {

        //invalid login, update to user_attempts
        userDetailsDao.updateFailAttempts(authentication.getName());
        throw e;

      } catch (LockedException e){

        //this user is locked!
        String error = "";
        UserAttempts userAttempts =
                    userDetailsDao.getUserAttempts(authentication.getName());

               if(userAttempts!=null){
            Date lastAttempts = userAttempts.getLastModified();
            error = "User account is locked! 

Username : " + authentication.getName() + "
Last Attempts : " + lastAttempts; }else{ error = e.getMessage(); } throw new LockedException(error); } } }

9. Spring Controller

Стандартный класс контроллера, обратитесь к методуlogin, он показывает вам, как поиграться со значением сеанса - «SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION», и настроить сообщение об ошибке.

MainController.java

package com.example.web.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.security.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class MainController {

    @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome**" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView defaultPage() {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
        model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Limit Login - Annotation");
        model.addObject("message", "This is default page!");
        model.setViewName("hello");
        return model;

    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/admin**", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView adminPage() {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
        model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Limit Login - Annotation");
        model.addObject("message", "This page is for ROLE_ADMIN only!");
        model.setViewName("admin");

        return model;

    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView login(
                @RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) String error,
        @RequestParam(value = "logout", required = false) String logout,
                HttpServletRequest request) {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
        if (error != null) {
            model.addObject("error",
                           getErrorMessage(request, "SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION"));
        }

        if (logout != null) {
            model.addObject("msg", "You've been logged out successfully.");
        }
        model.setViewName("login");

        return model;

    }

    //customize the error message
    private String getErrorMessage(HttpServletRequest request, String key){

        Exception exception =
                   (Exception) request.getSession().getAttribute(key);

        String error = "";
        if (exception instanceof BadCredentialsException) {
            error = "Invalid username and password!";
        }else if(exception instanceof LockedException) {
            error = exception.getMessage();
        }else{
            error = "Invalid username and password!";
        }

        return error;
    }

    // for 403 access denied page
    @RequestMapping(value = "/403", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView accesssDenied() {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();

        // check if user is login
        Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
        if (!(auth instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken)) {
            UserDetails userDetail = (UserDetails) auth.getPrincipal();
            System.out.println(userDetail);

            model.addObject("username", userDetail.getUsername());

        }

        model.setViewName("403");
        return model;

    }

}

10. Конфигурация Spring Security

Прикрепил свой настроенныйauthenticationProvider.

SecurityConfig.java

package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("authenticationProvider")
    AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;

    @Autowired
    public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/admin/**")
          .access("hasRole('ROLE_USER')").and().formLogin()
          .loginPage("/login").failureUrl("/login?error")
            .usernameParameter("username")
            .passwordParameter("password")
          .and().logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/login?logout").and().csrf();
    }
}

Готово.

11. Demo

11.1, First invalid login attempts, a normal error message will be displayed.

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-1

11.2, If the maximum number of invalid login attempts are hit, error message “User account is locked” will be displayed.

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-locked

11.3, If user in “locked” status, and still try to login again. Заблокированные детали будут отображаться.

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-locked-detail

11.4 Review the “users” table, if “accountNonLocked” = 0 or false, means this user is in locked status.

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-locked-database

Скачать исходный код

Скачать -spring-security-limit-login-annotation.zip (38 КБ)

Скачать -spring-security-limit-login-xml.zip (32 КБ)