Spring Security: Beispiel für Anmeldungsversuche

Spring Security: Begrenzen Sie die Anzahl der Anmeldeversuche

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-locked

In diesem Tutorial zeigen wir Ihnen, wie Sie Anmeldeversuche in Spring Security begrenzen können. Wenn ein Benutzer mehr als dreimal versucht, sich mit einem ungültigen Kennwort anzumelden, sperrt das System den Benutzer und kann sich nicht mehr anmelden.

Verwendete Technologien und Werkzeuge:

Feder 3.2.8.FREIGABE
Federsicherheit 3.2.3.FREIGABE
Spring JDBC 3.2.3.RELEASE
Eclipse 4.2
JDK 1.6
Maven 3
MySQL Server 5.6
Tomcat 7 (Servlet 3.x)

Einige kurze Hinweise für dieses Tutorial:

Die MySQL-Datenbank wird verwendet.
Dies ist ein auf Spring Security-Anmerkungen basierendes Beispiel.
Erstellen Sie eine "Benutzer" -Tabelle mit der Spalte "accountNonLocked".
Erstellen Sie eine Tabelle "user_attempts", um die ungültigen Anmeldeversuche zu speichern.
Spring JDBC wird verwendet.
Anzeigen benutzerdefinierter Fehlermeldungen basierend auf der zurückgegebenen Ausnahme.
Erstellen Sie einen benutzerdefinierten "authenticationProvider"

1. Lösung

Überprüfen Sie die vorhandene Spring Security-Authentifizierungsklasse. Die Funktion "Gesperrt" ist bereits implementiert. Um die Limit-Anmeldeversuche zu aktivieren, müssen SieUserDetails.isAccountNonLocked auf false setzen.

DaoAuthenticationProvider.java

package org.springframework.security.authentication.dao;

public class DaoAuthenticationProvider
    extends AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider {
    //...
}

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.java

package org.springframework.security.authentication.dao;

public abstract class AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider
    implements AuthenticationProvider, InitializingBean,
    MessageSourceAware {

    private class DefaultPreAuthenticationChecks implements UserDetailsChecker {
        public void check(UserDetails user) {
          if (!user.isAccountNonLocked()) {
              logger.debug("User account is locked");

          throw new LockedException(
              messages.getMessage("AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.locked",
                 "User account is locked"), user);
          }
           //...
        }
    }

2. Projekt Demo

3. Projektverzeichnis

Überprüfen Sie die endgültige Projektstruktur (annotationsbasiert):

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-directory

4. Datenbank

Hier sind die MySQL-Skripte zum Erstellen der Tabellen users, user_roles und user_attempts.

4.1 Create a “users” table, with column “accountNonLocked”.

users.sql

CREATE  TABLE users (
  username VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
  password VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL ,
  enabled TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
  accountNonExpired TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
  accountNonLocked TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
  credentialsNonExpired TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
  PRIMARY KEY (username));

4.2 Create a “user_roles” table.

user_roles.sql

CREATE TABLE user_roles (
  user_role_id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  username varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  role varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (user_role_id),
  UNIQUE KEY uni_username_role (role,username),
  KEY fk_username_idx (username),
  CONSTRAINT fk_username FOREIGN KEY (username) REFERENCES users (username));

4.3 Create a “user_attempts” table.

user_attempts.sql

CREATE TABLE user_attempts (
  id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  username varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  attempts varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  lastModified datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

4.4 Inserts an user for testing.

INSERT INTO users(username,password,enabled)
VALUES ('example','123456', true);

INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role)
VALUES ('example', 'ROLE_USER');
INSERT INTO user_roles (username, role)
VALUES ('example', 'ROLE_ADMIN');

5. UserAttempts-Klassen

Diese Klasse repräsentiert die Daten der Tabelle "user_attempts".

UserAttempts.java

package com.example.users.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class UserAttempts {

    private int id;
    private String username;
    private int attempts;
    private Date lastModified;

    //getter and setter

}

6. DAO-Klassen

Eine DAO-Klasse zum Aktualisieren der ungültigen Anmeldeversuche liest die Kommentare selbsterklärend.

UserDetailsDao.java

package com.example.users.dao;

import com.example.users.model.UserAttempts;

public interface UserDetailsDao {

    void updateFailAttempts(String username);
    void resetFailAttempts(String username);
    UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username);

}

UserDetailsDaoImpl.java

package com.example.users.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.example.users.model.UserAttempts;

@Repository
public class UserDetailsDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDetailsDao {

    private static final String SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED = "UPDATE USERS SET accountNonLocked = ? WHERE username = ?";
    private static final String SQL_USERS_COUNT = "SELECT count(*) FROM USERS WHERE username = ?";

    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET = "SELECT * FROM USER_ATTEMPTS WHERE username = ?";
    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT = "INSERT INTO USER_ATTEMPTS (USERNAME, ATTEMPTS, LASTMODIFIED) VALUES(?,?,?)";
    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE USER_ATTEMPTS SET attempts = attempts + 1, lastmodified = ? WHERE username = ?";
    private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE USER_ATTEMPTS SET attempts = 0, lastmodified = null WHERE username = ?";


    private static final int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @PostConstruct
    private void initialize() {
        setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateFailAttempts(String username) {

      UserAttempts user = getUserAttempts(username);
      if (user == null) {
        if (isUserExists(username)) {
            // if no record, insert a new
            getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT, new Object[] { username, 1, new Date() });
        }
      } else {

        if (isUserExists(username)) {
            // update attempts count, +1
            getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS, new Object[] { new Date(), username});
        }

        if (user.getAttempts() + 1 >= MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
            // locked user
            getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED, new Object[] { false, username });
            // throw exception
            throw new LockedException("User Account is locked!");
        }

      }

    }

    @Override
    public UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username) {

      try {

        UserAttempts userAttempts = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET,
            new Object[] { username }, new RowMapper() {
            public UserAttempts mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

                UserAttempts user = new UserAttempts();
                user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
                user.setAttempts(rs.getInt("attempts"));
                user.setLastModified(rs.getDate("lastModified"));

                return user;
            }

        });
        return userAttempts;

      } catch (EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
        return null;
      }

    }

    @Override
    public void resetFailAttempts(String username) {

      getJdbcTemplate().update(
             SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS, new Object[] { username });

    }

    private boolean isUserExists(String username) {

      boolean result = false;

      int count = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(
                            SQL_USERS_COUNT, new Object[] { username }, Integer.class);
      if (count > 0) {
        result = true;
      }

      return result;
    }

}

7. UserDetailsService

Standardmäßig setztJdbcDaoImplaccountNonLocked immer auf true, was nicht das ist, was wir wollen. Überprüfen Sie den Quellcode.

JdbcDaoImpl.java

package org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc;

public class JdbcDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDetailsService {
  //...
  protected List loadUsersByUsername(String username) {
    return getJdbcTemplate().query(usersByUsernameQuery, new String[] {username}, new RowMapper() {
      public UserDetails mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        String username = rs.getString(1);
        String password = rs.getString(2);
        boolean enabled = rs.getBoolean(3);
        return new User(username, password, enabled, true, true, true, AuthorityUtils.NO_AUTHORITIES);
      }

  });
}

Um Entwicklungszeit zu sparen, können Sie dieJdbcDaoImpl erweitern und sowohlloadUsersByUsername als auchcreateUserDetails überschreiben, um die benutzerdefiniertenUserDetails zu erhalten.

CustomUserDetailsService.java

package com.example.users.service;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Reference org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl
 *
 * @author example
 *
 */
@Service("userDetailsService")
public class CustomUserDetailsService extends JdbcDaoImpl {

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @PostConstruct
    private void initialize() {
        setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    @Value("select * from users where username = ?")
    public void setUsersByUsernameQuery(String usersByUsernameQueryString) {
        super.setUsersByUsernameQuery(usersByUsernameQueryString);
    }

    @Override
    @Value("select username, role from user_roles where username =?")
    public void setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(String queryString) {
        super.setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(queryString);
    }

    //override to get accountNonLocked
    @Override
    public List loadUsersByUsername(String username) {
      return getJdbcTemplate().query(super.getUsersByUsernameQuery(), new String[] { username },
        new RowMapper() {
          public UserDetails mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
            String username = rs.getString("username");
            String password = rs.getString("password");
            boolean enabled = rs.getBoolean("enabled");
            boolean accountNonExpired = rs.getBoolean("accountNonExpired");
            boolean credentialsNonExpired = rs.getBoolean("credentialsNonExpired");
            boolean accountNonLocked = rs.getBoolean("accountNonLocked");

            return new User(username, password, enabled, accountNonExpired, credentialsNonExpired,
                accountNonLocked, AuthorityUtils.NO_AUTHORITIES);
          }

      });
    }

    //override to pass accountNonLocked
    @Override
    public UserDetails createUserDetails(String username, UserDetails userFromUserQuery,
            List combinedAuthorities) {
        String returnUsername = userFromUserQuery.getUsername();

        if (super.isUsernameBasedPrimaryKey()) {
          returnUsername = username;
        }

        return new User(returnUsername, userFromUserQuery.getPassword(),
                       userFromUserQuery.isEnabled(),
               userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonExpired(),
                       userFromUserQuery.isCredentialsNonExpired(),
            userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonLocked(), combinedAuthorities);
    }

}

8. DaoAuthenticationProvider

Erstellen Sie einen benutzerdefinierten Authentifizierungsanbieter. Aktualisieren Sie für jeden ungültigen Anmeldeversuch die Tabelle user_attempts und geben SieLockedException aus, wenn die maximale Anzahl von Versuchen erreicht wird.

LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider.java

package com.example.web.handler;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.example.users.dao.UserDetailsDao;
import com.example.users.model.UserAttempts;

@Component("authenticationProvider")
public class LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider extends DaoAuthenticationProvider {

    @Autowired
    UserDetailsDao userDetailsDao;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDetailsService")
    @Override
    public void setUserDetailsService(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
        super.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
    }

    @Override
    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
          throws AuthenticationException {

      try {

        Authentication auth = super.authenticate(authentication);

        //if reach here, means login success, else an exception will be thrown
        //reset the user_attempts
        userDetailsDao.resetFailAttempts(authentication.getName());

        return auth;

      } catch (BadCredentialsException e) {

        //invalid login, update to user_attempts
        userDetailsDao.updateFailAttempts(authentication.getName());
        throw e;

      } catch (LockedException e){

        //this user is locked!
        String error = "";
        UserAttempts userAttempts =
                    userDetailsDao.getUserAttempts(authentication.getName());

               if(userAttempts!=null){
            Date lastAttempts = userAttempts.getLastModified();
            error = "User account is locked! 

Username : "
                           + authentication.getName() + "
Last Attempts : " + lastAttempts;
        }else{
            error = e.getMessage();
        }

      throw new LockedException(error);
    }

    }

}

9. Federkontroller

Eine Standard-Controller-Klasse, die sich auf die Methodeloginbezieht. Sie zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie mit dem Sitzungswert „SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION“ herumspielen und die Fehlermeldung anpassen.

MainController.java

package com.example.web.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.security.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class MainController {

    @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome**" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView defaultPage() {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
        model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Limit Login - Annotation");
        model.addObject("message", "This is default page!");
        model.setViewName("hello");
        return model;

    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/admin**", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView adminPage() {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
        model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Limit Login - Annotation");
        model.addObject("message", "This page is for ROLE_ADMIN only!");
        model.setViewName("admin");

        return model;

    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView login(
                @RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) String error,
        @RequestParam(value = "logout", required = false) String logout,
                HttpServletRequest request) {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
        if (error != null) {
            model.addObject("error",
                           getErrorMessage(request, "SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION"));
        }

        if (logout != null) {
            model.addObject("msg", "You've been logged out successfully.");
        }
        model.setViewName("login");

        return model;

    }

    //customize the error message
    private String getErrorMessage(HttpServletRequest request, String key){

        Exception exception =
                   (Exception) request.getSession().getAttribute(key);

        String error = "";
        if (exception instanceof BadCredentialsException) {
            error = "Invalid username and password!";
        }else if(exception instanceof LockedException) {
            error = exception.getMessage();
        }else{
            error = "Invalid username and password!";
        }

        return error;
    }

    // for 403 access denied page
    @RequestMapping(value = "/403", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView accesssDenied() {

        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();

        // check if user is login
        Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
        if (!(auth instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken)) {
            UserDetails userDetail = (UserDetails) auth.getPrincipal();
            System.out.println(userDetail);

            model.addObject("username", userDetail.getUsername());

        }

        model.setViewName("403");
        return model;

    }

}

10. Spring-Sicherheitskonfiguration

Habe deine benutzerdefiniertenauthenticationProvider angehängt.

SecurityConfig.java

package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("authenticationProvider")
    AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;

    @Autowired
    public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/admin/**")
          .access("hasRole('ROLE_USER')").and().formLogin()
          .loginPage("/login").failureUrl("/login?error")
            .usernameParameter("username")
            .passwordParameter("password")
          .and().logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/login?logout").and().csrf();
    }
}

Erledigt.

11. Demo

Demoseite -http://localhost:8080/spring-security-limit-login-annotation/admin

11.1, First invalid login attempts, a normal error message will be displayed.

spring-security-limit-login-attempts-1

11.2, If the maximum number of invalid login attempts are hit, error message “User account is locked” will be displayed.